HMS Dreadnought - The 1906 Battleship that Changed Everything

In the early years of the 20th century, naval visionaries such as Admiral Sir John Jackie Fisher of the Royal Navy and Vittorio Cuniberti of the Regia Marnia began advocating for the design of all-big-gun battleships. Such a vessel would only feature the largest guns, at this point in time 12, and would largely dispense with the ships secondary armament. Writing for Janes Fighting Ships in 1903, Cuniberti argued that the ideal battleship would possess twelve 12-inch guns in six turrets, armor 12 thick, displace 17,000 tons, and be capable of 24 knots. He foresaw this colossus of the seas as being capable of destroying any existing foe though recognized that the construction of such vessels could only be afforded by the worlds leading navies. A New Approach A year after Cunibertis article, Fisher convened an informal group to begin assessing these types of designs. The all-big gun approach was validated during Admiral Heihachiro Togos victory at the Battle of Tsushima (1905) in which the main guns of Japanese battleships inflicted the bulk of the damage on the Russian Baltic Fleet. British observers aboard Japanese ships reported this to Fisher, now First Sea Lord, with the further observation that the Imperial Japanese Navys 12 guns were particularly effective. Receiving this data, Fisher immediately pressed ahead with an all-big-gun design. The lessons learned at Tsushima were also embraced by the United States which began work on an all-big-gun class (the South Carolina-class) and the Japanese who commenced building the battleship Satsuma. While planning and construction for the South Carolina-class and Satsuma began prior to British efforts, they soon fell behind for a variety of reason. In addition to the increased firepower of an all-big-gun ship, the elimination of the secondary battery made adjusting fire during battle easier as it allowed spotters to know which type of gun was making the splashes near an enemy vessel. The removal of the secondary battery also made the new type more efficient to operate as fewer types of shells were needed. Moving Forward This reduction in cost greatly aided Fisher in securing Parliamentary approval for his new ship. Working with his Committee on Designs, Fisher developed his all-big-gun ship which was dubbed HMS Dreadnought. Centered on a main armament of 12 guns and a minimum top speed of 21 knots, the committee evaluated a variety of different designs and layouts. The group also served to deflect criticism away from Fisher and the Admiralty.    Propulsion Including the latest technology, Dreadnoughts power plant utilized steam turbines, recently developed by Charles A. Parsons, in lieu of the standard triple-expansion steam engines. Mounting two paired sets of Parsons direct-drive turbines powered by eighteen Babcock Wilcox water-tube boilers, Dreadnought was driven by four three-bladed propellers. The use of the Parsons turbines greatly increased the speed of the vessel and allowed it to outrun any existing battleship. The vessel was also fitted with a series of longitudinal bulkheads to protect the magazines and shell rooms from underwater explosions. Armor To protect Dreadnought the designers elected to use Krupp cemented armor which was produced at William Beardmores mill in Dalmuir, Scotland. The main armor belt measured 11 thick at the waterline and tapered to 7 at its lower edge. This was supported by an 8 belt that ran from the waterline up to the main deck. Protection for the turrets included 11 of Krupp cemented armor on the faces and sides while the roofs were covered with 3 of Krupp non-cemented armor.   The conning tower utilized a similar arrangement to the turrets. Armament For its main armament, Dreadnought mounted ten 12 guns in five twin turrets. Three of these were mounted along the centerline, one forward and two aft, with the other two in wing positions on either side of the bridge. As a result, Dreadnought could only bring eight of its ten guns to bear on a single target. In laying out the turrets, the committee rejected superfiring (one turret firing over another) arrangements due to concerns that the muzzle blast of the upper turret would cause issues with the open sighting hoods of the one below. Dreadnoughts ten 45-calibre BL 12-inch Mark X guns were capable of firing two rounds per minute at a maximum range of around 20,435 yards. The vessels shell rooms possessed space to store 80 rounds per gun. Supplementing the 12 guns were 27 12-pdr guns intended for close defense against torpedo boats and destroyers. For fire control, the ship incorporated some of the first instruments for electronically transmitting range, deflection, and order directly to the turrets. HMS Dreadnought - Overview Nation: Great BritainType: BattleshipShipyard: HM Dockyard, PortsmouthLaid Down: October 2, 1905Launched: February 10, 1906Commissioned: December 2, 1906Fate: Broken up in 1923 Specifications: Displacement: 18,410  tonsLength: 527 ft.Beam: 82 ft.Draft: 26 ft.Propulsion: 18 Babcock Wilcox 3-drum water-tube boilers w/ Parsons single-reduction geared steam turbinesSpeed: 21 knotsComplement: 695-773 men Armament: Guns 10 x BL 12 in. L/45 Mk.X guns mounted in 5 twin B Mk.VIII turrets27 Ãâ€" 12-pdr 18 cwt L/50 Mk.I guns, single mountings P Mk.IV5 Ãâ€" 18 in. submerged torpedo tubes Construction Anticipating approval of the design, Fisher began stockpiling steel for Dreadnought at the Royal Dockyard in Portsmouth and ordered that many parts be prefabricated. Laid down on October 2, 1905, work on Dreadnought proceeded at a frenetic pace with the vessel being launched by King Edward VII on February 10, 1906, after only four months on the ways. Deemed complete on October 3, 1906, Fisher claimed that the ship had been built in a year and a day. In actuality, it took an additional two months to finish the ship and Dreadnought was not commissioned until December 2. Regardless, the speed of the ships construction startled the world as much as its military capabilities. Early Service Sailing for the Mediterranean and Caribbean in January 1907, with Captain Sir Reginald Bacon in command, Dreadnought performed admirably during its trials and testing. Closely watched by the worlds navies, Dreadnought inspired a revolution in battleship design and future all-big-gun ships were henceforth referred to as dreadnoughts. Designated flagship of the Home Fleet, minor problems with Dreadnought were detected such as the location of the fire control platforms and the arrangement of the armor. These were corrected in the follow-on classes of dreadnoughts. World War I Dreadnought was soon eclipsed by the Orion-class battleships which featured 13.5 guns and began entering service in 1912. Due to their greater firepower, these new ships were dubbed super-dreadnoughts. With the outbreak of World War I in 1914, Dreadnought was serving as flagship of the Fourth Battle Squadron based at Scapa Flow. In this capacity, it saw its only action of the conflict when it rammed and sank U-29 on March 18, 1915. Refitted in early 1916, Dreadnought shifted south and became part of the Third Battle Squadron at Sheerness. Ironically, due to this transfer, it did not participate in the 1916 Battle of Jutland, which saw the largest confrontation of battleships whose design had been inspired by Dreadnought. Returning to the Fourth Battle Squadron in March 1918, Dreadnought was paid off in July and placed in reserve at Rosyth the following February. Remaining in reserve, Dreadnought was later sold and scrapped at Inverkeithing in 1923. Impact While Dreadnoughts career was largely uneventful, the ship initiated one of the largest arms races in history which ultimately culminated with World War I. Though Fisher had intended to use Dreadnought to demonstrate British naval power, the revolutionary nature of its design immediately reduced Britains 25-ship superiority in battleships to 1. Following the design parameters set forth by Dreadnought, both Britain and Germany embarked on battleship building programs of unprecedented size and scope, with each seeking to build larger, more powerfully armed ships. As a result, Dreadnought and its early sisters were soon out-classed as the Royal Navy and Kaiserliche Marine quickly expanded their ranks with increasingly modern warships. The battleships inspired by Dreadnought served as the backbone of the worlds navies until the rise of the aircraft carrier during World War II.

Analysis Of Dogrib Midnight Runners By Van Camp

Many young people are affected in some way by suicide, and must learn to cope with the horrible loss it has taken from them. â€Å"Dogrib Midnight Runners†, by Van Camp, â€Å"was inspired by a suicide. As far as [he knew, that was] the first published story that ever takes place in Fort Smith. And [Van Camp wanted] to talk about what a great thief suicide is: the huge, never-ending echo of its fatal decision† (Vranckx). In this short story, a group of friends are faced with their friend, Justin, committing suicide for no clear reason. Justin was remembered as an intelligent, fun individual and appeared happy. The reason why Justin committed suicide was unclear. One particular humorous, happy memory his friends had of him was that when he drank too much, he would take off all his clothes and run. In Richard Van Camp’s short story, â€Å"Dogrib Midnight Runners†, the â€Å"ritual of running† is so important to healing and rebirth because it allows th e group of friends to cope with the loss of their friend while rebuilding a meaningful friendship and support system they had lost during the tragedy. The â€Å"ritual of running† strengthens the group’s friendship by bringing them together on a regular basis. After the unexpected suicide of their friend, they were quite depressed and let the friendship weaken. Through the â€Å"ritual of running†, the boys are able to ensure there is a scheduled time to spend time together and this helps strengthen their bonds.  ­After running so often, it has become

Causal Ambiguity on Competitive Advantage and Rent Appropriation

Question: Describe about The Impact of Causal Ambiguity on Competitive Advantage and Rent Appropriation? Answer: Key areas of research and sources: The group efforts demanded some key research by group members in most of the areas related to the company. All the members had to undergo several reliable sources to gather important information. It is learnt that generally tobacco refers to the most highly used addictive substances in the world. This industry comprises of individuals as well as companies that engage within the process of its production, packaging, and distribution along with other tobacco based products. Some important information included about BAT which is a multinational firm with its headquarters in Britain and considered as the second largest tobacco producer in terms of sales volume. The firm was founded in 1902 followed by a merge amidst American Tobacco Company as well as that of the United Kingdoms Imperial Tobacco Company. This meant to allay the semblance of existing competition that brewed between the two nations and hence resulted in a joint venture. The two companies decided not to trade within each others territory; hence all businesses related to export as well as trademarks have been delegated to this joint venture. The company had experienced rapid growth as well as expansion since such a joint venture had increased the utilization of cigarettes exponentially during World War One(Ambrosini and Bowman, 2010). It is learnt from the group assignment that the company had a strong presence in countries like China whereby smoking was common. Evers since acquisition of status of public limited company in 1998, the firm had continued manufacturing, distributing and marketing tobacco products. Their products include cigarettes, cigar, pipe tobacco, smokeless snuffs and latest electric cigar. These products are offered under varied brands namely, Viceroy, Mall, Kool, Kent, Rothmans, Lucky Strike, Pall Mall among others. However with the imposing of regulatory laws by governments at all level, banning cigarette smoking at public places has been made mandatory. It is also seen as hazardous to health(British American Tobacco, 2014). Furthermore, tobacco trafficking, increased competition and globalization, and campaigns driven towards the prevention of youth smokers, are some of the challenges BAT has been facing within the industry they operate. Thus since it became overwhelmingly tough for BAT to s ell products within the United States, the company has been on the constant attempt to seek for alternative markets to expand in. This is nothing but an effort of BAT for maintaining relevance as well as enhancing market share while attempting to abide by the regulations as well as policies enforced by authority. Discussion on Strategic Capabilities: New Trends Product Innovation Some additional information was gathered by the group members from the group assignment. The individual works of each member enabled the learning about the innovation brought about by the company. These include e-cigarette and the healthier cigarette. E-Cigarette This new concept of e-cigarette is an option to the existing traditional tobacco products. It is a device with battery power to provide inhale doses of nicotine in vapor form. Apart from nicotine, a flavor is provided by the vapor with a physical sensation quite similar to the inhaled smoke of tobacco. But no combustion or tobacco or smoke is involved in it. Several flavors are available in electronic cigarette with varied nicotine concentrations. In fact some varieties resemble that of traditional types like menthol or regular tobacco, and some even that of Camel or Marlboro. These also exist in varied candy flavors like vanilla, orange, coffee, strawberry, etc. As per toxicological studies of electronic cigarette it has been identified that these electronic cigarettes are quite less harmful than that of traditional ones. Such an advanced technology allows smokers to enjoy the benefits of smoking anywhere as bans on smoking make it quite difficult to satisfy desire for nicotine in p ublic areas. The Healthier cigarette Since decades, the increased movement of consumer goods as well as food industries has enhanced products with added vitamin or other substances. In the year 2007, the tobacco group worked along with a partner US firm that produced water with enhanced vitamin so as to market the first vitamin-E added cigarette. This is said to enhance the features of cigarette with a soothing flavor for minimizing the inevitable irritation which usually occurred in conventional cigarettes(British American Tobacco, 2014). This new product addressed the international trendy consumers to be highly aware as well as responsible for using tobacco products. This may be interpreted as both a threat as well as an opportunity. Several companies are on attempts to manufacture safer cigarettes to reduce health risks related to tobacco intake. For instance, BAT has been marketing a type of cigarette that uses tobacco which undergoes treatment for producing lower level of chemical named carcinogen that causes cance r. It even introduces an innovative filter that removes remaining toxins. As the cigarette market within the developed countries has been on a shrink, the corporate strategy of BAT (British American Tobacco) has been laid on increasing margins as well as maintaining sales volume. The firm successfully achieves this by enhancing the product prices while enhancing cost efficiency. With context to this, BAT has acquired Imperial Tobacco which is the fourth largest rival within the cigarette market, thus allowing Bat to overtake Phillip Morris International. This certainly allowed BAT to gain leadership within the industry with pricing power as well as valuable market. The seven purports of McKinsey suggested that to achieve success an organization needs to effectively align its seven needs with equal reinforcement. These seven needs are structure, strategy, skills, systems, staff, style and shared values. The model represents how effective an organization may be positioned for achieving its objectives. The Company British American Tobacco applied the 7s s fol lows: Key ideas of Organizational Strategy: The undertaking of group research enabled deep insight into the organizational strategies of BAT. The companys vision is to enhance its market share which means maximizing shareholders wealth. On a quantitative note, BAT seeks leadership in volume amidst counterparts. It even aims at increasing its value share of the world tobacco industry by means of organic growth, research and development of product along with mergers as well as acquisitions. The company believes that the concept of customer satisfaction acts as the key to be a leader within the industry. Hence, the company strives to address all needs and concerns of customers through the strategy of most effective customer service, product information and customer support(Davis, 2008). The value proposition of BAT is to sell effective quality products for fostering efficient customer loyalty and brand preference that would maximize organizational profits and wealth of shareholders. Structure: The company possesses a board of directors to answer queries of shareholders. It is highly responsible for the governance as well as overall strategic direction of the company. Majority of the board excluding the chairperson comprises of independent non-executive directors. They have not been engaged in managerial positions of the group(Freeman and Chapman, 2010). A management board functions and is chaired by the Chief Executive Officer, comprising of the Finance Director, Chief operating Officer and regional executives. This board controls implementation of all policies as well as strategies as set by the lead directors. Systems: An effective system used by Bat is SAP (Special Access Program) System. SAP enables Bat to manage larger volumes of data on a regular basis, thereby enabling the organization to meet specific regulations of the industry as set out by the WHO (world Health Organization). It also enables tracking as well as tracing cigarettes with the use of barcodes. This would reduce the cases of trafficking. In fact BAT was one of the first firms to use this SAP system. Staff: In BAT staffs are considered to be professional individuals and comprises of employees who work within departments like Legal, Marketing, Finance, RD, Sales and distribution, Operations Information Technology, and Corporate Regulatory(Gilmore, McKee and Collin, 2007). Skills: The company is said to employ more than around 57000 employees across the globe. Some key skills involve customer support, agronomy, technical support, innovators, and competitive management. The company is known for its pioneer operations in RD and being the first to introduce e-Cigarette in the market. Style: The company has a management that utilizes Matrix Management style for leading employees. This type management style whereby employees having similar kind of skills are grouped together for jobs leading to single reporting line with several managers(Hass, 2011). Shared Values: Bat has been focusing upon improvement of its product quality to reduce any sort of harm to its customers. The company works immensely hard for addressing key environmental adverse impacts of its products, and hence implementing Health, Environment and Safety management system. Strategic Evaluation It is learnt from the group effort that the company has a vision to enhance its market share as well as maximizing wealth of the shareholders with the availability of quality products happen to be an effective strategy. The firm has been conducting business effectively upon its value proposition by investment in RD for enhancing product quality. Also, effective customer service along with high quality products would have a multiplier impact upon volume growth. When customers feel satisfied with the quality products they would continue to buy such products from the company (Huang et al., 2015). With respect to organizational structure, the existence of main board varied from management board act as a step towards a right direction. It would attract significant investors with fostering of transparency. The application of Matrix management style promotes labor division to enhance productivity. The SAP system acts as industrial asset. The implementation of this system by BAT exhibits their adamant on adherence to strict regulations, thereby cracking upon illegal trading of tobacco(Jakpor, 2012). The introduction of the new concept of e-cigarette has been a good attempt of BAT as this serves effectively as an alternative for tobacco products. Strategic Approaches: The group report has been possible only with the joint contribution of each of the members. The strategic approach conducted by during the group work imparted information like the strategy of productivity of BAT allows efficient and effective deployment of the BATs resources so as to reduce unnecessary complexity, while enhancing efficacy in use of the companys cash or other assets. In addition, BAT has an unrelenting strategy to be a global Winning Organization(Lawrence, 2009). This strategic drive has been the propellant of the company since its recovery from the 2013 commercial downfall. In sum, the companys strategic focus elements have fostered the achievement of the mission that aims at championing informed customer choice and ensuring commitments(Lee, 2004). Notably, tobacco is the core of BAT, and the product is the one to provide opportunities for future growth. In the words of the board members, the company aims to develop and promote future growth by adopting a wider range of tobacco and other nicotine products. In hindsight, the vision of the company is much focussed on the current issues or consumer satisfaction while leaving a gloom future. In 2011, the company revitalized its quest to achieve improved performance by incorporating the strategy of sustainability in its operations. As a result, the global drive brand (GDB) of BAT increased in volume by 9%. The growth was particularly attributed to the increase in the sales of Kent brand to 67 billion compared to 55 billion in the previous year. Critical Analysis of Key Strategic Issues: Policies as well as regulations framed by significant regulatory bodies like WHO impart lot of challenges for operating in the industry. The illegal trade of cigarettes imposes a serious threat to the industry as well as profitability. Such a behavior is risky with induction of increased number of laws upon industrial companies(Liberman, 2002). Due to the nature of its own products as well as harmful impacts upon health, the company needs to spend increasingly on research and development, thereby let going of other investment opportunities. The reduction in the level of consumption of tobacco within mature markets as a result of enhanced health consciousness has been on eof the key issues that BAT faces being a major market player(MacKenzie, 2004). The companys product particularly Pall Mall ahs been losing its presence within the market with major competitor of Marlboro that maintains lead position in context to sales volume. BAT also needs to increase its market share for becoming the real leader within the industry (Williamson and Proctor, 2007). Adequate research on the topic by the group members has supported our learning that the company BAT takes immense pride in its responsible manner to run its business and manage operations. The company is said to operate focusing mainly on its social responsibilities and also towards its employees. The British American Tobacco is the first tobacco company to get included in the Dow Jones Sustainability Index in 2002 and the every henceforth year. The company group well understands that the central aspect of incorporating effective sustainable business is through that of increased responsibility and integrity. Effective governance is considered as the key to enable the company to live up to the expectations of its stakeholders as well as customers(Nakkash and Lee, 2008). With effective coordination all its employees as well as stakeholders, the British American Tobacco group has been performing quite effectively towards the social cause of mankind. In several nations, the group is one of the top employers and also most preferred company for individuals employed at every level of its supply chain. It is committed towards effective corporate governance and achieving business objectives in the most transparent, honest as well as accountable manner. It also states the expectations of the stakeholders so that it may become more responsible towards fulfilling their requirements and demands(Otanez, 2006). The corporate social responsibility performance of the group is well monitored by a Board CSR Committee both at local and regional levels with combined audit as well as CSR committees. This mechanism aids the embedding of CSR as well as sustainable principles throughout the group, thereby allowing effective performance against the established standards(SCOTT and WALKER, 2010). Conclusion: It may be concluded that the group work has immensely helped each of the students in gathering adequate knowledge about the company BAT. It is also learnt that use of tobacco would cause health risks to smokers and with this in mind, the company Bat has attempted to educate its customers upon product effects and also enhance its product quality. We also get a fair idea about the fact that the company highly values its customers and by virtue of strong organizational structure as well as skilled professionals, it has aimed at providing high quality effective products as well as services for maximizing its shareholders wealth. Recommendation: Although the group work had been quite effective in stating the key issues, yet the study would be even more worthwhile if every member of the group jointly discussed the key outcomes of individual effort. It would provide opportunities to every individual to learn something from each other. It has been learnt from the assignment that the company must accelerate its frequency of acquisitions within the emerging economies, thereby gaining a competitive advantage since markets are shifting towards south (Collin, 2004). Adequate research from the weaker aspect of BATs strategic formulation is ineffective brand positioning that is crucial since the present market of cigarette sales are basically driven by brands. This Company needs to enhance its research and development department for counter emerging within socio-political trends with focus upon healthier options like e-cigarette as well as snus for capturing increased market share. Bat should also target at its RD efforts within opera tive efficiency with potential strive for emulating flexible manufacturing for ensuring all its operations are highly efficient as well as productive. References Ambrosini, V. and Bowman, C. (2010). The Impact of Causal Ambiguity on Competitive Advantage and Rent Appropriation.British Journal of Management, 21(4), pp.939-953. British American Tobacco. (2014).Chemical Engineering News Archive, 92(43), p.3. Collin, J. (2004). Complicity in contraband: British American Tobacco and cigarette smuggling in Asia.Tobacco Control, 13(suppl_2), pp.ii104-ii111. Davis, R. (2008). British American Tobacco ghost-wrote reports on tobacco advertising bans by the International Advertising Association and J J Boddewyn.Tobacco Control, 17(3), pp.211-214. Freeman, B. and Chapman, S. (2010). British American Tobacco on Facebook: undermining article 13 of the global World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control.Tobacco Control, 19(3), pp.e1-e9. Gilmore, A., McKee, M. and Collin, J. (2007). The invisible hand: how British American Tobacco precluded competition in Uzbekistan.Tobacco Control, 16(4), pp.239-247. Hass, J. (2011). Neighbour Networks. Competitive Advantage Local and Personal - By Ronald Burt.The British Journal of Sociology, 62(4), pp.740-742. Huang, K., Dyerson, R., Wu, L. and Harindranath, G. (2015). From Temporary Competitive Advantage to Sustainable Competitive Advantage.Brit J Manage, p.n/a-n/a. Jakpor, P. (2012). Nigeria: how British American Tobacco undermines the WHO FCTC through agricultural initiatives: invited commentary.Tobacco Control, 21(2), pp.220-220. Lawrence, S. (2009). British American Tobacco's failure in Turkey.Tobacco Control, 18(1), pp.22-28. Lee, K. (2004). Breaking and re-entering: British American Tobacco in China 1979-2000.Tobacco Control, 13(suppl_2), pp.ii88-ii95. LeGresley, E., Lee, K., Muggli, M., Patel, P., Collin, J. and Hurt, R. (2008). British American Tobacco and the "insidious impact of illicit trade" in cigarettes across Africa.Tobacco Control, 17(5), pp.339-346. Liberman, J. (2002). The shredding of BAT's defence: McCabe v British American Tobacco Australia.Tobacco Control, 11(3), pp.271-274. MacKenzie, R. (2004). "Almost a role model of what we would like to do everywhere": British American Tobacco in Cambodia.Tobacco Control, 13(suppl_2), pp.ii112-ii117. Nakkash, R. and Lee, K. (2008). Smuggling as the "key to a combined market": British American Tobacco in Lebanon.Tobacco Control, 17(5), pp.324-331. Otanez, M. (2006). Eliminating child labour in Malawi: a British American Tobacco corporate responsibility project to sidestep tobacco labour exploitation.Tobacco Control, 15(3), pp.224-230. Purushothaman, U. (2012). American Shadow over IndiaIran Relations.Strategic Analysis, 36(6), pp.899-910. Rundh, B. (2009). Packaging design: creating competitive advantage with product packaging.British Food Journal, 111(9), pp.988-1002. SCOTT, P. and WALKER, J. (2010). Advertising, promotion, and the competitive advantage of interwar British department stores.The Economic History Review, 63(4), pp.1105-1128. Siedel, G. and Haapio, H. (2010). Using Proactive Law for Competitive Advantage.American Business Law Journal, 47(4), pp.641-686. Siegel-Itzkovich, J. (2005). British American Tobacco is drawn into Israeli damages claim.BMJ, 331(7525), pp.1104-0. Todeva, E. and John, R. (n.d.). Shaping the Competition and Building Competitive Advantage in the Global Telecommunication Industry: The Case of British Telecom.SSRN Electronic Journal. Williamson, J. and Proctor, C. (2007). Should the Health Community Promote Smokeless Tobacco (Snus): Comments from British American Tobacco.Plos Med, 4(10), p.e300. à ¬Ã…“  Ãƒ ¬Ã…  Ã‚ ¹Ãƒ ¬Ã‚ §Ã‚ , and à ªÃ‚ ¹Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ±Ãƒ ­Ã¢â‚¬ ºÃ‹â€ , (2009). An Analysis on the Customer Choice Factors and Its' Implication for the Competitive Advantage of Korean Tobacco Company.Journal of Social Science, 35(1), pp.189-212.

Choose two scenes from the play Essay Example For Students

Choose two scenes from the play Essay Caliban is often regarded as a complex character. Choose two scenes from the play The Tempest in which he appears and discuss how Shakespeare reveals to an audience, the complexities of Calibans character.  William Shakespeares play The Tempest was thought to be one of his last completed pieces and conveys a lot of his own thoughts and emotions. The approximate date of when the play was written is 1611. There is no direct source for the founding of the play but there are some similarities in a German play called Comedia von der schonen Sidece which told the story of a Prince was had a spirit assistant and had an only daughter who fell in love with the son of his enemy. It is known that stories of magicians with only daughters are common in fairy tales. The Bermuda shipwreck happened around the time Shakespeare wrote The Tempest so some of his ideas may have developed from this. The idea of Caliban may have come from tales of sailors about savage beasts. We will write a custom essay on Choose two scenes from the play specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The Tempest is a mystical drama full of magic, romance and disaster ending happily like a fairy tale. The story is about a magician named prospero who is taken from his dukedom in Milan and shipwrecked on a Island with his only daughter Miranda. Prospero takes over the Island and its inhabitants Caliban and Ariel and works his magic on an enemy. There is a lot of hidden meanings to the words and language used throughout the play. This gives the need to delve deeper into the speeches to find Shakespears true meaning.  Caliban is a play on words taken from the word cannibal which suggests he is a savage beast and also from the word Caribbean which fits in with the theme of the Island. Caliban is the rightful owner of the Island as he inherited it from his mother, the black witch Sycorax. She is described as a :  foul witch blue-eyd hag  His father was the devil :  got by the devil himself   All these facts indicate that Caliban is venomous and not a creature to be liked. He is describe as:  A freckld whelp, hag-born not honourd with  A human shape  The fact that he is not appealing to look at would add to his evilness.  The way he is described tells the audience he is not an attractive character and also he is evil hence his parents. It also tells the audience that he has inherited these things from his parents. This is how Shakespeare reveals his characters in one way ; by appearance. The first introduction to Caliban in Act 1 Scene 2 also portrays the dislike of this character.  Shake it off: come on,  Well visit Caliban, my slave, who never  Yields us kind answer.  Prospero has lots of power and is treating Caliban as a possession. Caliban has been robbed of his island and been made a slave. This would create sympathy from the audience and make him seem like a victim. There is an almost love hate contrast in Calibans character because at points the audience feel sorry for him and at other points they repulse him. Tis a villain sir,  I do not love to look on  Mirandas words again express the evilness of Caliban for she is usually sympathetic and kind. Shakespeare has used a gentle character here to emphasise Calibans savage and evil being.  As Caliban enters the scene he is cursing, like his mother would have done. Prospero calls him a poisonous slave and the audience would be able to detect the hatred of his words.  For this be sure, to-night thou shalt have cramps,  Side-stitches, that shall pen thy breath up  Prospero has the power to torture Caliban and uses his power to make him obey. The audience would feel sorry for Caliban in this instance because he is and unwilling slave who protests against Prospero. The audience must not forget that Caliban was once a master too. .ub9ca81c758f34264a8f932eca1fec7fc , .ub9ca81c758f34264a8f932eca1fec7fc .postImageUrl , .ub9ca81c758f34264a8f932eca1fec7fc .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub9ca81c758f34264a8f932eca1fec7fc , .ub9ca81c758f34264a8f932eca1fec7fc:hover , .ub9ca81c758f34264a8f932eca1fec7fc:visited , .ub9ca81c758f34264a8f932eca1fec7fc:active { border:0!important; } .ub9ca81c758f34264a8f932eca1fec7fc .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub9ca81c758f34264a8f932eca1fec7fc { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub9ca81c758f34264a8f932eca1fec7fc:active , .ub9ca81c758f34264a8f932eca1fec7fc:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub9ca81c758f34264a8f932eca1fec7fc .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub9ca81c758f34264a8f932eca1fec7fc .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub9ca81c758f34264a8f932eca1fec7fc .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub9ca81c758f34264a8f932eca1fec7fc .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub9ca81c758f34264a8f932eca1fec7fc:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub9ca81c758f34264a8f932eca1fec7fc .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub9ca81c758f34264a8f932eca1fec7fc .ub9ca81c758f34264a8f932eca1fec7fc-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub9ca81c758f34264a8f932eca1fec7fc:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The other characters in the play EssayThis Islands MINE This sentence is a short dramatic statement and it would be spoken angrily because Caliban is very passionate about his Island. The word mine would be highly emphasised because he feels very strongly about his Island. Although he curses when he speaks, he always talks softly and passionately about his island and is usually poetic about it. He is the rightful owner of the island and has had it taken from him against his will. This creates sympathy form the audience.  When thou camst first  Thou strokdst me, and made much of me  Prospero treated Caliban as a pet when he first arrived on the Island and gave Caliban wine to make him drunk so he would show all the wonders of the island to Prosper. Caliban is a very gullible creature. The audience would recognise this because he received a small amount of kindness and let his guard down. This is one of the complexities of Calibans character. As a result of his vulnerability his Island was taken from him. This fact is extremely ironic because Prospero had his dukedom taken from him and he took away Calibans island which again creates sympathy for Calibans character. Although vulnerable he is also venomous which creates a love/hate feeling from the audience.  When he speaks Caliban talks in verse which represents the civilised man in him but he also curses a lot which shows his venomous nature. Of Sycorax : toads, beetles, bats, light on you  This way of speaking Caliban would have inherited from his mother again showing that he is evil.  Prospero declares that the breakdown in the relationship between him and Caliban was when Caliban attempted to rape Miranda.  till thou dist seek to violate  The honour of my child  The language of the words here indicates the serenity of the action and the inhumane thing about this is Caliban is not apologetic for his actions. His wish was to peopled else this island with Calibans The audience would now be disgusted by Calibans character and have no sympathy for him at all.